Myocardial ischaemia has been traditionally perceived as the consequence of atherosclerotic obstructions of the coronary vessels. More recently an overwhelming body of evidence has proven that atherosclerotic obstructions are just one of several mechanisms that can precipitate myocardial ischaemia. CAS, CMVD and Endothelial Dysfunction are included among the mechanisms that, in isolated fashion or in combination, may cause myocardial ischaemia
2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes: The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology
Juhani Knuuti, William Wijns, Antti Saraste, Davide Capodanno, Emanuele Barbato, Christian Funck-Brentano, Eva Prescott, Robert F Storey, Christi Deaton, Thomas Cuisset, Stefan Agewall, Kenneth Dickstein, Thor Edvardsen, Javier Escaned, Bernard J Gersh, Pavel Svitil, Martine Gilard, David Hasdai, Robert Hatala, Felix Mahfoud, Josep Masip, Caludio Muneretto,Marco Valgimigli, Stephen Achenbach, Jeroen J Bax, ESC Scientific Document Group
Lay Summary – Updating the guidance on how to diagnose and treat various forms of Heart Disease
http://www.academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/41/3/407/5556137#
English 
Spanish